Cutting Edge Engineering: September 2018

Background History

The first robot was used in a surgery around 1990. Since then, the field has quickly developed into widespread use among surgery centers and hospitals. The da Vinci Surgical System and Flex Robotic System are the only two robotic surgery operators approved by the FDA. Due to the public's uneasiness and concern over complete robotic surgeries, the FDA has not approved any unassisted robotic surgeons.

How it Works

A human surgeon an "endo wrist" to control the robot's tools. This replicates the movement of a surgeon’s hand and increases the accuracy of movements. A camera on the robot connects to a high-resolution 3D stereo viewer, which gives the surgeon a much-improved view compared to traditional methods. These systems also allow for single site surgery which leaves only one small incision. This small incision leaves little to no scaring behind.

Impacts/Future Outlook

As the public becomes more comfortable and the technology is developed further, unassisted robotic surgeries are much more likely. The University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon continue to co-develop robotic surgeons and other universities are following in similar paths. Although the machines are currently only suited for head and neck surgeries, it is likely that more are to follow.

Pros

Leaves little to no scaring
Often safer than traditional methods

Cons

Viewed as uncomfortable for most of the public eye
Can malfunction and cause serious injury or death

Works Cited

“How Robotic Surgery Works.” Mills-Peninsula Health Services, 2017, www.mills-peninsula.org/robotic/procedures/.

Shah, Jay, et al. “The History of Robotics in Surgical Specialties.” Advances in Pediatrics., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 June 2014, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4677089/.

UPMC. “A Quick History of Robotic Surgery.” UPMC HealthBeat, 29 Aug. 2018, share.upmc.com/2016/02/robotic-surgery-history-mm12/.